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composer create-project laravel/laravel laravel-sanctum-api

進入項目目錄并啟動 Laravel 內置服務器：

cd laravel-sanctum-api
php artisan serve

2. 配置 SQLite 數據庫

在 .env 文件中，將數據庫連接設置為 SQLite：

DB_CONNECTION=sqlite

創建 SQLite 數據庫文件：

touch database/database.sqlite

3. 創建產品模型和遷移

使用 Artisan 命令創建產品模型和遷移文件：

php artisan make:model Product --migration

在 database/migrations 目錄中找到新創建的遷移文件，編輯其 up 方法以定義產品表的結構：

public function up()
{
    Schema::create('products', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->id();
        $table->string('name');
        $table->string('slug')->nullable();
        $table->text('description')->nullable();
        $table->decimal('price', 5, 2);
        $table->timestamps();
    });
}

運行遷移以創建數據庫表：

php artisan migrate

4. 創建產品控制器和方法

生成產品控制器：

php artisan make:controller ProductController --api

在 app/Http/Controllers/ProductController.php 中定義 CRUD 方法：

use App\Models\Product;

class ProductController extends Controller
{
    public function index()
    {
        return Product::all();
    }

    public function store(Request $request)
    {
        $validated = $request->validate([
            'name' => 'required|string',
            'slug' => 'required|string',
            'description' => 'nullable|string',
            'price' => 'required|numeric',
        ]);

        return Product::create($validated);
    }

    public function show($id)
    {
        return Product::findOrFail($id);
    }

    public function update(Request $request, $id)
    {
        $product = Product::findOrFail($id);
        $product->update($request->all());
        return $product;
    }

    public function destroy($id)
    {
        return Product::destroy($id);
    }
}

5. 定義路由

在 routes/api.php 中定義 API 路由：

use App\Http\Controllers\ProductController;

Route::get('/products', [ProductController::class, 'index']);
Route::post('/products', [ProductController::class, 'store']);
Route::get('/products/{id}', [ProductController::class, 'show']);
Route::put('/products/{id}', [ProductController::class, 'update']);
Route::delete('/products/{id}', [ProductController::class, 'destroy']);

6. 搜索功能

在 ProductController 中添加搜索方法，并在 routes/api.php 中定義相應的路由：

public function search(Request $request)
{
    $query = $request->input('name');
    return Product::where('name', 'like', "%{$query}%")->get();
}

Route::get('/products/search', [ProductController::class, 'search']);

7. 配置 Laravel Sanctum

安裝 Laravel Sanctum：

composer require laravel/sanctum

發布 Sanctum 配置和遷移文件：

php artisan vendor:publish --provider="Laravel\Sanctum\SanctumServiceProvider" --tag="sanctum"

運行遷移以創建令牌表：

php artisan migrate

在 app/Http/Kernel.php 中添加 Sanctum 中間件：

protected $middlewareGroups = [
    'api' => [
        \Laravel\Sanctum\Http\Middleware\EnsureFrontendRequestsAreStateful::class,
        \Illuminate\Session\Middleware\StartSession::class,
        // ...
    ],
];

在 app/Models/User.php 中添加 HasApiTokens trait：

use Laravel\Sanctum\HasApiTokens;

class User extends Authenticatable
{
    use HasApiTokens, HasFactory, Notifiable;
}

8. 創建認證控制器

生成認證控制器：

php artisan make:controller AuthController

在 app/Http/Controllers/AuthController.php 中實現注冊、登錄和登出功能：

use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;

class AuthController extends Controller
{
    public function register(Request $request)
    {
        $fields = $request->validate([
            'name' => 'required|string',
            'email' => 'required|string|unique:users,email',
            'password' => 'required|string|confirmed',
        ]);

        $user = User::create([
            'name' => $fields['name'],
            'email' => $fields['email'],
            'password' => bcrypt($fields['password'])
        ]);

        $token = $user->createToken('myapptoken')->plainTextToken;

        return response([
            'user' => $user,
            'token' => $token
        ], 201);
    }

    public function login(Request $request)
    {
        $fields = $request->validate([
            'email' => 'required|string',
            'password' => 'required|string'
        ]);

        $user = User::where('email', $fields['email'])->first();

        if (!$user || !Hash::check($fields['password'], $user->password)) {
            return response([
                'message' => 'Bad credentials'
            ], 401);
        }

        $token = $user->createToken('myapptoken')->plainTextToken;

        return response([
            'user' => $user,
            'token' => $token
        ], 200);
    }

    public function logout(Request $request)
    {
        $request->user()->tokens()->delete();

        return response([
            'message' => 'Logged out'
        ], 200);
    }
}

9. 定義認證路由

在 routes/api.php 中定義認證路由：

use App\Http\Controllers\AuthController;

Route::post('/register', [AuthController::class, 'register']);
Route::post('/login', [AuthController::class, 'login']);

Route::middleware('auth:sanctum')->group(function () {
    Route::post('/logout', [AuthController::class, 'logout']);
    Route::post('/products', [ProductController::class, 'store']);
    Route::put('/products/{id}', [ProductController::class, 'update']);
    Route::delete('/products/{id}', [ProductController::class, 'destroy']);
});

10. 測試 API

使用 Postman 或其他 HTTP 客戶端測試你的 API。首先注冊一個新用戶并獲取訪問令牌：

POST http://localhost:8000/api/register
Content-Type: application/json

{
    "name": "Brad",
    "email": "brad@gmail.com",
    "password": "123456",
    "password_confirmation": "123456"
}

使用訪問令牌進行認證請求：

POST http://localhost:8000/api/products
Authorization: Bearer YOUR_TOKEN
Content-Type: application/json

{
    "name": "Test Product",
    "slug": "test-product",
    "description": "This is a test product",
    "price": 99.99
}