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可衡量的指標才能讓老板一眼看出 ROI。

二. 5 分鐘環境初始化 ???

# 1. 創建項目
mkdir node-ts-api && cd node-ts-api
npm init -y

# 2. 安裝依賴
npm install express
npm install -D typescript ts-node nodemon @types/node @types/express

# 3. 初始化 TypeScript
npx tsc --init

# 4. 腳本命令
npm pkg set scripts.start="ts-node src/index.ts"
npm pkg set scripts.dev="nodemon src/index.ts"
npm pkg set scripts.build="tsc"
npm pkg set scripts.serve="node dist/index.js"

三. 編寫第一個 REST 資源：書籍 ??

// src/index.ts
import express, { Request, Response } from 'express';

const app = express();
const PORT = process.env.PORT || 3000;

app.use(express.json());

app.get("/", (req: Request, res: Response) => {
  res.json({ message: "Node.js + TypeScript API 運行中！" });
});

app.listen(PORT, () => console.log(Server on port ${PORT}));

四. 路由模塊化：CRUD 一本書 ??

// src/routes/bookRoutes.ts
import { Router, Request, Response } from 'express';

const router = Router();

interface Book {
  id: number;
  title: string;
  author: string;
}

let books: Book[] = [
  { id: 1, title: "1984", author: "George Orwell" },
  { id: 2, title: "Brave New World", author: "Aldous Huxley" }
];

router.get("/books", (req: Request, res: Response) => res.json(books));

router.get("/books/:id", (req: Request, res: Response) => {
  const book = books.find(b => b.id === parseInt(req.params.id));
  return book ? res.json(book) : res.status(404).json({ message: "Book not found" });
});

router.post("/books", (req: Request, res: Response) => {
  const newBook: Book = { id: books.length + 1, ...req.body };
  books.push(newBook);
  res.status(201).json(newBook);
});

router.put("/books/:id", (req: Request, res: Response) => {
  const idx = books.findIndex(b => b.id === parseInt(req.params.id));
  if (idx === -1) return res.status(404).json({ message: "Book not found" });
  books[idx] = { ...books[idx], ...req.body };
  res.json(books[idx]);
});

router.delete("/books/:id", (req: Request, res: Response) => {
  const idx = books.findIndex(b => b.id === parseInt(req.params.id));
  if (idx === -1) return res.status(404).json({ message: "Book not found" });
  books.splice(idx, 1);
  res.status(204).send();
});

export default router;

五. 掛載路由并啟動服務 ??

// src/index.ts
import express from 'express';
import bookRoutes from './routes/bookRoutes';

const app = express();
const PORT = process.env.PORT || 3000;

app.use(express.json());
app.use("/api", bookRoutes);

app.listen(PORT, () => console.log(Server on port ${PORT}));

六. 測試你的 API ??

使用 Postman 或 cURL 快速驗證：

# 獲取全部書籍
curl http://localhost:3000/api/books

# 創建新書
curl -X POST http://localhost:3000/api/books \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"title":"The Hobbit","author":"J.R.R. Tolkien"}'

七. 構建與部署 ??

npm run build   # tsc → dist/
npm run serve   # node dist/index.js

讓「代碼優化」把同步改 asyncio + 連接池，并發 1 k QPS，延遲立降 60 % ??

八. 挑戰 & 逃生指南 ???

挑戰	逃生術
類型漂移	開啟 `strict: true` + ESLint 插件
熱更新失效	nodemon 監聽 `src/*/.ts`，勿忘 `ts-node` 注冊
限流 1K QPS	本地令牌桶 + 指數退避；高峰申請提升配額
密鑰泄露	用中間件代理，前端只拿短期 JWT，30 min 自動刷新